lesson
Genes are sections of genetic material
1 · Learn
In cells with a nucleus, chromosomes contain long DNA molecules. A gene is a section of DNA involved in inherited characteristics, often through instructions affecting a protein. Different versions of a gene are called alleles.
Many characteristics involve several genes and environmental influences. A simple one-gene classroom model is useful for a particular pattern, not a complete explanation of every human difference.
2 · Worked example
A chromosome contains many genes. Calling a gene an entire chromosome confuses a section with the larger structure containing it.
3 · Your turn
How is a gene related to a chromosome in a cell with a nucleus?
Check your answer
A gene is a section of DNA carried on a chromosome; one chromosome contains many genes.
4 · Apply your learning
Make a labelled paper model and state that its scale and colour coding are representations, not microscopic observations.
Adult guidance and safety
Use supplied evidence and approved models. Practical science needs a qualified adult, appropriate equipment and a risk assessment. Do not attempt chemical reactions, heating, mains electricity or solar observation independently. Never request personal health or genetic disclosures.
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