lesson
A series circuit needs a complete path
1 · Learn
A simple series circuit has one continuous route through its components. A cell supplies electrical energy, connecting wires link components and a lamp transfers energy to light and heating. An open switch breaks the route and stops the lamp working in this simple circuit.
Check both connections at each component. A drawing that nearly joins is not enough: the physical connection must conduct. A failed lamp or loose connection can also stop a circuit even when the arrangement looks complete.
2 · Worked example
I first check whether the switch is closed, then inspect each connection in a model circuit. I change one thing at a time so I can identify the fault.
3 · Your turn
A lamp is off. Does that prove the cell is empty?
Check your answer
No. An open switch, loose wire, failed component or other break may explain it. Check systematically.
4 · Apply your learning
Trace a paper circuit route and mark possible breaks before any supervised assembly.
Adult guidance and safety
Use only adult-approved low-voltage educational cells and matched components. Never use mains sockets, short-circuit cells or mix unsuitable cells.
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Check a calculation · Year 5 onward
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