lesson
Calculate costs and change
1 · Learn
One pound is 100 pence. Two pounds and 35 pence is 235 pence: two groups of 100, then 35 more. Write the pounds and pence separately while you learn to combine them.
Change is the money left after paying the cost. Work in pence to subtract, then group each 100 pence into one pound. Check that cost plus change equals the amount paid.
2 · Worked example
235p + 140p = 375p, or 3 pounds 75 pence. Paying 5 pounds gives 500p − 375p = 125p change: 1 pound 25 pence.
3 · Your turn
A book costs 2 pounds 50 pence and a pen costs 75p. You pay 5 pounds. What change is due?
Check your answer
The cost is 325p, or 3 pounds 25 pence. The change is 175p, or 1 pound 75 pence. Check: 325p + 175p = 500p.
4 · Apply your learning
Make a pretend shop receipt and check its total and change using drawn coins. Keep pounds and pence labelled separately; formal decimal money notation comes later.
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Use objects or a drawn model before relying on a rule. Explain each step, check the units and revisit with varied examples. An adult can read the instructions without supplying the answer.
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